Friday, November 15, 2019
The development of Women in India
The development of Women in India Dr. Raj Kumar acquired his Law degree from Delhi University and PhD from Kurukshetra University. He served Haryana Education Service from 1970 to 1973. He published a 7 volume series on Women and Indian Freedom Struggle and 15 volume series on Women, Society and Culture. He has contributed a number of articles in historical journals and commemoration volumes. He, justifiably, edited the present work of various scholars which provides a panoramic survey of women studies, based on latest research. He scrutinizes the status of women in India during Vedic times-a period of golden era for women and Brahmanic times. He mentioned the factors affecting the female psyche along with womens self-concept developed by Mohan (1988), which revolves around the confidence that woman is a weaker gender and her weakness can be converted into strength for her development by considering the womans basic needs and solicitudes about success and power in this regard. Women are involved in role conflict part icularly in the field of work and after marriage. Regarding rural development in India, out of 79% female work in agriculture, 46% are agricultural laborers, 33% are cultivators, and 5% are industrial workers. In Himaachal Pradash- a rural state, women know every task regarding the field of agriculture and livestock, despite of domestic work. According to 1981 census, 91.3%, out of total working women are agriculture workers against 63.3% of males in the state. Rural development is concerned with multi-sectorial programs like agriculture dependent upon industrial activities, transportation, commercialization, infrastructure, health and education services. According to world economic profile, women are 50% of the population, out of which official labor force is 30% and those women utilize 60% working hours and receive 10% world income. In Asia, there are a high proportion of women in agriculture. Regarding some determinants of women development, it was mentioned that on the second ha lf of 20th century, first, UN Declaration on Women rights, adopted on 7th Nov, 1967, mentioned appropriate measures for women rights in Article 1-11. Second, World Conference on International Womens Year in Mexico City on June 1975 issued a world plan of action and focused on human role of women. Some other factors like education, female health status and female economic participation as a determinant of social development as in India female literacy rate is 24.8% against the male literacy rate which is 46.89%. ICDS (Integrated Child Development Services) provides additional nutrition, health check-up, medication of minor illness, immunization, nutrition and health education to women and supportive services like water supply and sanitation. Asia- Pacific region is also multiform in terms of womens role in the economy because development and womenlabour participation are based on the overall female economic activity rates. As well as the participation in modern sector naturally incre ases with economic development. In India, 90% of women belong to agriculture life so future development of Indian womanhood must be examined in terms of village women. There is need for new cadre of women ICS and their inclusion in local panchayts. The topic women and development has been discussed at several gatherings within UN at conferences of non-aligned countries, governmental and non-governmental meetings. At ministerial conference of non-aligned countries in Lima in August 1975, the ministries of these countries programmed on Mutual Assistance and Solidarity repeated that full development of developing nations require maximum participation of women and men in all spheres of national activity. NIEO (New International Economic Order)s cornerstone is the participation of women along with men in the development of country is indispensable for successful development. UN decade for women has facilitated the identification and overcoming the impediments to integrate women in societ y, resulted in the wastage of human resources needed for development. The areas for specific action aimed at the advancement of women are employment, education, health, food, water, agriculture, industry, trade and commercial services, science and technology, communications, housing settlement, community development and transport, energy and environment. There are most commonly used sources of energy utilized by women but the sources like coal, oil, gas, hydropower and bio-gas are commonly used in industries so the users can not be easily distinguished by gender. Participation of women in energy conservation requires education, training and consumer information in the field of energy. Self-reliance as a development strategy, treat women as an integral part of overall development. Technical (TCDC) and economic (ECDC) cooperation in developing countries should aim at reaching the largest number of social groups like women and youth in rural and urban populations equally. By critically analyzing, in the past, women were treated as mere slaves. Though, India is changing politically, economically and socially, at a swift pace. The condition of women is also changing, as they have begun to take their due place in free India by educating themselves, inducing the right of voting and heartedly participating in country development. In 2010 March 9, one day after International Womens day, Rajyasabha passed Womens Reservation Bill, ensuring 33% reservation to women in Parliament and state legislative bodies. In modern India, women have adorned high offices including that of the President, Prime minister, Speaker of the Lok Sabha and Leader of Opposition, etc. The current President of India is a woman. In the last five years, the Government of India made amendments in law and formed a ministry of social and womens welfare in 1985, while, Article 14 of the constitution emphasis on the discrimination of gender. In Himachal Pradash, there are a number of welfare organizations besides Manila Mandals is working for the elevation of women in state while other departments are also working for the women development like health, social welfare and family welfare. Regarding ICDS influence, there is decline in malnutrition from 19.1% in 1976 to 7.8% in 1983 and mortality from 15% to 3%. All India Spinners Associations cottage industry gave new life to millions of female workers. Collective self-reliance encourages the transformation of womens position in the world, so that it can become an integral part of each countrys long term development strategy. There is a high rate of womens participation and other stakeholders (e.g. Ministry of Gender, Youth and Community Services) during program formulation. The last few decades have seen a mushroom growth of organizations struggling for women to get their dues, but, how far has this helped in the improvement of the status of women in the home, in society, in office or in the country as a whole, is still a debatable is sue. Gender training is still very weak, while, regarding the cultural values; women tend to be shy during group meetings. Women have no access to modern machines and other technology. In any program formulation, there is a lack of gender considerations, untrained staff in gender analysis skills, gender-blind budget, and weak business skills among women. All Indian Kisan Movement and All Indian Ryots Association are improving human conditions but few female join them. Muslim womens legal position is better than Indian ones in terms of right to inheritance, divorce, marriage and religious education. For the establishment of NIEO, policy of economic independence and collective self-reliance is necessary because lack of progress in NIEO establishment requires that greater attention is paid to the collective efforts and cooperation of non aligned and developing countries. There is no strict implementation of certainty about the right abuses of women. The National Crime Records Bureau re ported in 1998 that the growth rate of crimes against women would be higher than the population growth rate by 2010. Earlier, many cases were not registered with the police due to the social stigma attached to rape and molestation cases. Distracted from other areas such as womens low socio-economic status, labor market inequalities and legal bias, literacy programs are a relatively inexpensive and politically expedient palliative in their present form. While, 80% rural and urban females in India receive little medical care, so there is a need to strengthen professional and health education to face challenge of promoting female health. In conclusion, in a developed nation, female education is imperative for their self-sufficiency. For the rural development, a national perspective plan for the rural women and fighting discrimination will improve the social and economic status of women. In accordance with the social policy in public and private sectors, society is not supposed to explo it the dual role of women but acknowledge it as a contributor to socio-economic perspective. South Asian countries showing a lower level of female participation in non agriculture sector as compared to other countries at the same level of per capita GDP. This pattern of increase does not imply gender equity in the work place or in earnings. The availability of disaggregated information on the training and employment of women in energy related fields just like in US would enable planners and decision makers to formulate better strategies for energy supply and development. According to most of the governments, prejudicial attitudes towards women are fundamental obstacles towards the integration of women in national and international life. The role of educational planning, raising the level of skills and directing aspirations of both men and women is necessary for a developing nation.
Tuesday, November 12, 2019
Angelas Ashes Essay -- essays research papers
Angela's Ashes Exposition:      Characters: Francis McCourt- protagonist           Malachy McCourt (father)- antagonist           Angela McCourt (mother)- protagonist           Malachy McCourt (brother)- protagonist           Michael McCourt (brother)- static           Alphie McCourt (brother)- static           The Abbot (uncle)- protagonist           Uncle Pa Keating (uncle)- protagonist           Aunt Aggie (aunt)- antagonist      Setting: In the poor part of Limerick, Ireland around 1938.      Rising Action: 1. Frankie's father, Malachy, lost his job in America. There is no money left in the family and they are living a poor and unhappy life without enough money to live. They are depending on the government to help them. 2. Frankie's mother has a baby, Margaret. Because of the lack of money the family can't eat and keep the children healthy. Margaret, the only girl dies and Frankie's mother and father are very unhappy. They go through hard times because of their loss. 3. Frankie's mother's cous...
Sunday, November 10, 2019
Hawthorne Effect and Human Relation Movement
Describe how the components of the Hawthorne study are incorporated in current human resource functions? What was the main idea behind this study? How have you been impacted by the components of this study in your current or past work setting? According to Baack (2012), the human relation movement in management began in 1920s and was based on the human element of organizations. The Hawthorne study became one of the branches of the human relation movement (Baack, 2012) As stated by Cubbon (1969), the Hawthorne studies were carried out from the Hawthorne Works, a factory in Chicago.The idea of those studies was experimenting with psychological factors influencing the employees, while the goal was to increase the productivity levels (Cubbon, 1968). With time, the term became widely known, and many organizations conducted the similar studies. Elton Mayo and Fritz Roethlisberger have conducted the Hawthorne studies focusing their research on the employees and the aspects that influenced t he workers productivity (Baack, 2012).According to their findings, the productivity rates increased due to positive interactions between workers and researches, entry-level employees were actively fulfilling the duties of the supervisors without worrying about being disciplined for poor performance, and people started working closely in groups, while being loyal to one another (Baack, 2012). The research showed that workers are motivated not only by money, but also by social interactions, which should be accounted for at the workplace (Baack, 2012).Human Resources department of any organization should be focused on the workers. Its primary duties are to treat employees fairly and make sure that an organization gives back to its own people. Higher level of people’s satisfaction with the job will lead to the company’s success. It is necessary for managers to understand what makes the employees happier to increase the levels of productivity; that is why conducting the Haw thorne studies is important.For example, people in my department are not fond of each other; they do not like to work in teams and usually keep blaming each other for different mistakes. If our management arranged different experiments to understand the employees a little better and to find the root of the problem, the workers would eventually change their ways and views, which would lead to creating a better work environment.
Friday, November 8, 2019
buy custom Foundations of an Organization and Organizational Assessment essay
buy custom Foundations of an Organization and Organizational Assessment essay In the world where competition becomes fiercer and more companies enter the market to struggle for a stronger business position, missions, visions, and values shape the basis for creating and implementing successful growth strategies. Nursing organizations are no exception to this rule, since their core missions, visions, and values define the extent to which they are capable of adapting to environmental changes (Collins Porras, 1996). At the same time, many organizations take their missions and visions for granted and fail to use their potential to facilitate continuous growth and quality improvements. This is exactly what is happening in our organization. According to Bellot (2011), the current understanding of missions, organizational environments, and culture is limited to traditional corporations. However, healthcare organizations cannot be effective and efficient, unless they adjust their organizational orientation to meet the demands of human services. In our organization, th e mission and vision do not meet the criteria of the human services organization. Moreover, they serve as important elements of the company's public image but do not serve as relevant drivers of decision making. Apparently, without implementing organizations' mission statements, healthcare executives can never lead their organizations towards the desired strategic outcomes (Nelson Gardent, 2011). Nevertheless, it is not uncommon for healthcare organizations to treat their mission and vision as merely the two static components of their strategic model. Another problem with the current organization is that its managers rarely use or, in most cases, totally refuse from using the vision and mission of the organization as guidance in making decisions. Moreover, at times, the decision making patterns displayed by leaders contradict the reason and thoroughness of the organization's vision and mission. This is what Marquis and Huston (2009) call "intuitive decision making" (p. 8). Many leaders treat intuition as a crucial organizational skill. "Great leaders actively call on their intuition to enhance decision making, whereas less effective leaders tend to rely too heavily on traditional approaches" (Marquis Hurst, 2009, p. 8). However, when intuition is the only resource used by leaders to make organizational decisions, it may not lead to the desired results. Particularly in healthcare settings, a thorough analysis of available evidence and alternatives is needed to translate decisions into a strong patient care and safety advantage. In such a case, differences between organizational culture and climate should be noted. Both are considered as the two natural forces exerting considerable influence on organizations (Kennedy Group, n.d.). However, while organizational culture comprises such elements as values, beliefs, norms, and traditions, organizational climate is usually based on organizational structure, communication quality, accountability and forces of compliance, etc. (Kennedy Group, n.d.). Culture and climate are similar in the sense that they both grow from vision, which is expected to attract and help retain customers and patients. Simultaneously, it is by changing the organizational climate that leaders can cause positive influences on the culture within the organization (Kennedy Group, n.d.). However, because the actions and decisions of the organization's leaders are not always congruent with its vision, it is difficult to imagine how vision and mission can serve the needs of the organization and its stakeholders. For instance, while the vision of the organization includes an ethical component, its leaders and nurses often lack the moral courage needed to act in congruence with these ethical requirements (LaSala Bjarnason, 2010). These ethical dilemmas emerge mostly in nurses' interactions with patients and the lack of leaders' attention to privacy and patient autonomy. Still, examining these matters is significant to my role as a nurse leader. Nursing and nursing leadership incorporate a number of elements, one of them being the obligation to take the most appropriate action for the purpose of health promotion and the provision of safe care (LaSala Bjarnason, 2010). These elements can become possible and realistic only when nurse leaders are aware of the complexity inherent in their organizations and the most reliable ways to make such organizations workable. Buy custom Foundations of an Organization and Organizational Assessment essay
Wednesday, November 6, 2019
Free Essays on Discuss The Impact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On An Asian Country
Introduction Thesis: The Financial crisis that hit Hong Kong in July 1997 had significant economic impacts. Hong Kong has suffered severe problems, for example, impact on retail and banking sectors, negative economic growth, housing market, etc. Body 1. The impact on housing market 1a. High interest rates contribute to the recession Hong Kong is suffering, by raising the cost of expanding a business or buying an apartment with borrowed money. (Varona, 1998) 1b. The house prices have declined significantly since the outbreak of the Asian Financial Crisis. (Yse and Webb, 2004) 2. The disadvantage of currency board system 2a. The stable Hong Kong dollar value has further hurt economy. (Leung, 2004) 2b. Following two years of painful economic adjustment, Hong Kong is still struggling with deflation due to the depressed housing sector. (HSBC, 2000) 3. Impact on retail sector 3a. At least 10 companies have collapsed from June 1997 to May 1998. (Varona, 1998) 4. Impact on unemployment and income 4a. The unemployment rate for October inched up to nearly 3 percent and was expected to climb. (Yi, 1997) 4b. The income down around 7% since the outbreak of Financial Crisis. (Son, 2003) 5. Impact on banking sector 5a. The reasons for the backing sector various, for example, the risk in interest rates, reduced availability of funding to be borrowed in the market, etc. (Carse, 1998) 5b. The customers deposits has slowed down in line with the recession economy. (Carse, 1998) 6. The economy recovery 6a. People believe that the benefits arising from the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between Hong Kong and the China. (Caplan, 2004) 6b. Robust economic growth in the past months has given Hong Kong bright prospects for economic recovery. (Mao, 2004) 7. Lingering problem Despite some people say that the worst is over for the Asian Financial crisis, other predict that the worst is yet to come in Hong Kong. (Tse and Yip, 2... Free Essays on Discuss The Impact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On An Asian Country Free Essays on Discuss The Impact Of The Asian Financial Crisis Of 1997 On An Asian Country Introduction Thesis: The Financial crisis that hit Hong Kong in July 1997 had significant economic impacts. Hong Kong has suffered severe problems, for example, impact on retail and banking sectors, negative economic growth, housing market, etc. Body 1. The impact on housing market 1a. High interest rates contribute to the recession Hong Kong is suffering, by raising the cost of expanding a business or buying an apartment with borrowed money. (Varona, 1998) 1b. The house prices have declined significantly since the outbreak of the Asian Financial Crisis. (Yse and Webb, 2004) 2. The disadvantage of currency board system 2a. The stable Hong Kong dollar value has further hurt economy. (Leung, 2004) 2b. Following two years of painful economic adjustment, Hong Kong is still struggling with deflation due to the depressed housing sector. (HSBC, 2000) 3. Impact on retail sector 3a. At least 10 companies have collapsed from June 1997 to May 1998. (Varona, 1998) 4. Impact on unemployment and income 4a. The unemployment rate for October inched up to nearly 3 percent and was expected to climb. (Yi, 1997) 4b. The income down around 7% since the outbreak of Financial Crisis. (Son, 2003) 5. Impact on banking sector 5a. The reasons for the backing sector various, for example, the risk in interest rates, reduced availability of funding to be borrowed in the market, etc. (Carse, 1998) 5b. The customers deposits has slowed down in line with the recession economy. (Carse, 1998) 6. The economy recovery 6a. People believe that the benefits arising from the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA) between Hong Kong and the China. (Caplan, 2004) 6b. Robust economic growth in the past months has given Hong Kong bright prospects for economic recovery. (Mao, 2004) 7. Lingering problem Despite some people say that the worst is over for the Asian Financial crisis, other predict that the worst is yet to come in Hong Kong. (Tse and Yip, 2...
Sunday, November 3, 2019
Philosophy ( the great gialogue of plato) Essay
Philosophy ( the great gialogue of plato) - Essay Example themes of Socratic thoughts including Socratic irony, his mode of investigation and inquiry and maintenance of higher moral concerns that greatly direct Socrates’ life. According to Plato, Socrates passed on his wisdom to people with intellect. It is very interesting to note that Socrates never talked about one- sided lengthy lectures regarding his beliefs rather he preferred to present his beliefs in written accounts- in the form of proper dialogues. With the help of this inquiry, it can be well said that he did never believe on his own knowledge to put forward rather his mode of investigation always tried to identify what his interlocutor considers he knows and then gradually analyzing the hidden claims of Socratic knowledge. For Socrates two essential elements for healthier life are virtue and wisdom. These are closely connected elements and greatly participate to improve the society in the broader context. According to Socrates, if all people within a society will be wise then nothing will ever go wrong and as a result of self knowledge and wisdom will finally lead to more fulfilling and healthier lives. This is the basic reason why Socratic thoughts greatly focus on the activities of high morale rather than intangible intellectual quests. Plato explains that Socrates was accused of being guilty in the court of Athens as he was charged of recognizing new deities rather than those recognized by the state. He was charged of corrupting the new generation in Athens through his speech and conversation. This allegation put him at trial and he attempts for a powerful defense through speech. The defense opens with an appeal put forward by Socrates before the jury that the jury would listen him with great care and pardon him too if he would slip into his conventional conversational style as his opponents greatly talked against him in the courts. They adopted flowery language to defend their case. As a result of this, Socrates clearly mentioned before court that he
Friday, November 1, 2019
2.4 Consumer Behaviour & Holidays Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words
2.4 Consumer Behaviour & Holidays - Case Study Example The regular elements that basically impact the holiday decision-making process are levels of contribution, situational variables, expectation, sentimentality and fantasizing. Then again, this is altogether different from customary decision-making process that is generally sequenced and organized. In this model, the requirement for a particular administration or item is distinguished and data pursuit and different choices are assessed. The consumer is further headed towards acquiring an item and there in the wake of setting a buying decision (Moore & Simmons, 2010). In the conventional consumer decision-making, the technique for hunting down data is generally organized and it is either outer, interior or both of them. Data gathering process in the holiday decision-making is a continuous and nonstop process. The data is gathered throughout and after the holidays experience and it is generally memory based than outer based. Holiday decision creators are low data searchers and data is ac cumulated in a non-reason way. Then again, in conventional consumer decision-making, get-together data is exceptionally vital and the data is seen as the main impetus in the consumer decision-making process. Under this model, the consumers are sharp data searchers and they complete a genuine research before settling down on a specific item (Weiss & Wenger, 2002). The interviews conducted in the case shows the different behaviour of the two persons who were deciding on going for a trip. The first issue talks about a situation where the decision maker is confused about finally going on a holiday or not in spite of the fact that they had already decided on two destinations for their holiday. This clearly shows a confusion in the decision making process. Thus as a holiday service provider it will be very difficult to assess whether or not to consider them as a consumer. The next scenario talked about is a
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